System and method for providing network assisted geographic coordinates for emergency data messaging

ABSTRACT

A system and method for communicating geographic coordinates with an emergency data message to a public safety answering point (PSAP) may include receiving a request from a user to send an emergency data message to a PSAP and determining whether geographic coordinates are locally available. If geographic coordinates are locally available, then the locally available geographic coordinates may be obtained and included with an emergency data message. Otherwise, if the geographic coordinates are not locally available, then a request for geographic coordinates from a network node on a communications network may be made and received from the communications network for inclusion with the emergency data message. The emergency data message may be communicated to a network node on the communications network for routing to the PSAP.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This Application claims priority to Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/078,123 filed on Jul. 3, 2008; the entire teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Emergency 911 services have traditionally been performed by a user placing a telephone call to “911.” Prior to mobile communications developing, users would dial “911” on landlines, and the public switched telephone network (PSTN) would route the call to a public safety answering point (PSAP) local to a street address of the landline telephone used to place the call.

With mobile and wireless telephones, the address of a user in an emergency call is unknown. To determine the address or location of the caller, various techniques for determining geographic positioning of the caller are performed, including using global positioning system (GPS) equipment and network assisted positioning by using triangulation, as performed by a communications network. The communications network identifies the emergency “911” call and, based on the location of the caller, routes the call to a local PSAP with respect to the location of the caller. Depending on the technology used by the PSAP, geographic coordinates may be sent to the PSAP. If the PSAP is configured with enhanced “911” or E-911 Phase II, then a local automatic location identification (ALI) database may be used to convert the geographic coordinates to address-based coordinates.

As mobile telecommunications have advanced, different forms of data messaging communications have been developed, including text messaging, instant messaging, photo messaging, and video messaging. To accommodate these new forms of communications, a few PSAPs have advertised specific telephone numbers that users can send a text message, for example, to notify emergency services of an emergency. The problem is that unless a user has saved the emergency telephone number in his or her mobile device, the user is unlikely to remember the telephone number or not have time to enter the telephone number during an emergency situation. Furthermore, if the user has traveled any sufficient distance from a PSAP that has a specific telephone for sending text messages, then the PSAP is no longer local to the user.

SUMMARY

To overcome the problem of users not being able to send emergency data messages, such as text messages, to a common, easy to remember address that will be routed to a PSAP local to a user, the principles of the present invention provide for a system configured to determine a PSAP local to the user and route the emergency data message to the PSAP. In the event that a wireless communications device is unable to determine its geographic coordinates, the principles of the present invention further provide for a communications network to identify that a data message is an emergency data message and assist with generating geographic coordinates. In one embodiment, the network assisted geographic coordinates may be communicated to the wireless communications device for inclusion in a follow-up emergency data message. Alternatively, the network assisted geographic coordinates may be communicated with the emergency data message for routing to the PSAP.

One embodiment of a method and system for communicating geographic coordinates with an emergency data message to a public safety answering point (PSAP) may include receiving a request from a user to send an emergency data message to a PSAP and determining whether geographic coordinates are locally available. If geographic coordinates are locally available, then the locally available geographic coordinates may be obtained and included with an emergency data message. Otherwise, if the geographic coordinates are not locally available, then a request for geographic coordinates from a network node on a communications network may be made and received from the communications network for inclusion with the emergency data message. The emergency data message may be communicated to a network node on the communications network for routing to the PSAP.

One embodiment of a system for providing network assisted geographic coordinates may include an input/output (I/O) unit configured to communicate with a communication network and a processing unit in communication with the I/O unit. A determination that a data message received from a wireless communications device via the I/O unit is an emergency data message may be made. In response to determining that the data message is an emergency data message, a request, via the I/O unit, for geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device from a second network node operating on the communications network may be made. The geographic coordinates may be received from the second network node, included with the emergency data message, and communicated to a third network node with the emergency data message.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, which are incorporated by reference herein and wherein:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of illustrative network environment in which users of wireless communications devices are able to send emergency data messages via an emergency data message router to local public safety answering points;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a user of a wireless communications device operating in a cell site in which multiple PSAPs have different communications capabilities;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an illustrative communications network environment configured to receive and process emergency data messages to PSAPs local to users who sent the emergency data messages;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an illustrative process for a mobile switching center to receive and process emergency data messages;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of an illustrative process for selecting a PSAP local to a user who sent an emergency data message; and

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a more detailed illustrative process for determining a PSAP local to a user who sent an emergency data message based on PSAP distance from the user and communications capabilities of the local PSAPs;

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an illustrative process for obtaining geographic coordinates by requesting assistance by a communications network; and

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an illustrative process of an illustrative process for a communications network to determine geographic coordinates of a wireless communications device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With regard to FIG. 1, a network environment 100 provides users 102 a-102 n (collectively 102) of wireless communications devices 104 a-104 n (collectively 104), which may be mobile telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless electronic games, multi-mode telephones, or other electronic devices capable of communicating emergency data messages (EDMs) 106 a-106 n (collectively 106) to public safety answering points (PSAPs) 108 a-108 n (collectively 108). As understood in the art, multiple wireless network operators may be concurrently providing wireless services using various operating frequencies and network protocols. Emergency data messages may include text messages, instant messages (IMs), emails, photo messages, video messages, and the like. The emergency data messages 106 may be communicated to an emergency network address, such as Internet Protocol (IP) domain routing address “emergency.org,” “911.911,” or any other network address, by users 102 from the wireless communications devices 104. In one embodiment, the emergency data messages 106 may be generated and communicated by activating a single emergency data message button, either a hard-button or a soft-button, that causes the wireless communications devices 104 to generate a pre-established data message.

A pre-established data message, such as a text message, may include information associated with a respective user, such as a network identification number (NID), mobile electronic device identification number (MEID), which is commonly called a cell code identifier, user's name, telephone number, home or work address, secondary contact number, or any other information associated with a user such that an operator at a PSAP or emergency personnel (e.g., police) may have information of the user if he or she is unable to be immediately located. In addition, the emergency data messages 106 may be appended with a checksum, such that the message can be validated to be received without error. It should be understood that various checksum algorithms may be employed and may or may not include capabilities to detect and correct errors. Alternatively, a “free-form” data message, such as a text message, may be sent to an emergency network address, but the user may run the risk of being incomplete or too “cryptic” due to being in an emergency situation or using abbreviations unfamiliar to PSAP operators. The emergency data message may be communicated via the network(s) 110 to a PSAP local to the respective user.

The networks 110 may include mobile networks, wireless communications networks, Internet, public switched telephone network (PSTN), or any other network capable of communicating an emergency data message to the PSAPs 108. As shown, an emergency data message 106 a is communicated from the wireless communications device 104 a via the network(s) 110 to an emergency data message router (EDMR) 112, which may be located at an emergency message address that is configured to determine a PSAP 108 a that services a geographic area in which the user 102 a is currently located.

The emergency data message router 112 may be a centralized router associated with an address to which the emergency data messages 106 are communicated or may be configured as distributed routers that handle incoming emergency data messages from respective regions of the country or world. The emergency data message router 112 may receive data communicated with an emergency data message that may be used to identify a geographic location, geographic area, cell site, or otherwise, as further described herein. In addition, the emergency data message router 112 may determine which of the PSAPs local to a user sending an emergency data message has communications capabilities for handling the type of emergency data message (e.g., text message) being sent. In one embodiment, the EDMR 112 may recognize that a PSAP can only accept certain types of message formats based, and may perform a lossless message format translation from one format to another based upon this recognition.

With regard to FIG. 2, a cell site 200 operates to handle wireless communications calls and messages communicated from users within the cell site 200. As shown, a user 202 using a wireless communications device 204 communicates an emergency data message 206 to any cell tower 208 a-208 n (collectively 208) or other wireless access points within the range of the wireless communications device 204.

Each of the PSAPs 210 may have different communications capabilities. For example, while all the PSAPs have voice capabilities, some PSAPs may be more limited. Not all PSAPs will have text messaging capabilities, image viewing capabilities (e.g., photographs and videos), e-mail capabilities, and so forth. Depending on the type of emergency data message sent by the user 202 using the wireless communications device 204, which may have a wide variety of messaging capabilities, the emergency data messages 206 may be communicated to a PSAP that is local to the user (e.g., within the cell site 200) and has communications capabilities that are compatible with the emergency data messages (e.g., includes the ability to receive text messages through a mobile or other communications system, as understood in the art).

With regard to FIG. 3, a network environment 300 is configured to enable a user 302 using a wireless communications device 304 to communicate emergency data messages to public safety answering points 305 a-305 n and/or 305 m-305 z (collectively 305). The PSAPs 305 a-305 n are representative of PSAPs that are capable of receiving text messages and telephone calls, and the PSAPs 305 m-305 z are PSAPs that are capable of receiving emergency data messages in the form of e-mail messages or other data format that is generally communicated over IP networks, as well as telephone calls. It should be understood that the PSAPs 305 a-305 n and 305 m-305 z may overlap by one or more PSAP having multiple types of communications capabilities. It should be understood that the communications capabilities of the PSAPs 305 may vary over time as technology advances.

The user 302 may send an emergency data message package 306 by making an emergency data message request on the wireless communications device 304. In making the emergency data message request, the user may select a single button, multiple buttons, or use a menu system to cause the wireless communications device 304 to generate and communicate an emergency data message (EDM) 308 a. In one embodiment, an emergency data message 308 a may be a pre-established text message that includes NID, MEID, contact information of the user, such as telephone number, home address, name, and other contact information, and insert geographic coordinates, such as GPS coordinates, that identify a location at which the user 302 is located at the time the user makes the emergency data message request. Alternatively, the emergency data message 308 a may be a conventional data message (e.g., text message, instant message, or email) that a user initiates without a template or preestablished data being initially generated. The emergency data message package (EDMP) 306 may include the emergency data message 308 a that may include up to 160 characters, in the case of an SMS message, abbreviated dialing code 308 b, and mobile directory number (MDN) 308 c.

The abbreviated dialing code 308 b may be an alphanumeric code that is stored in the wireless communications device 304 and communicated with the emergency data message 308 a to a mobile switching center (MSC) 310. The abbreviated dialing code 308 b may be established by a service provider and/or manufacturer of the wireless communications device 304. The abbreviated dialing code 308 b may essentially be any code, typically a ten digit code, that indicates that an emergency data message is being communicated from the wireless communications device 304. As an analogy, on the voice network there are many different types of abbreviated dialing codes, including “411” for placing an information call to a service provider, “911” for placing an emergency telephone call, and so on. As an example, an abbreviated dialing code for indicating that an emergency data message is being communicated may be “0000000SOS.” Alternatively, if different types of emergency data messages are available for selection using a menu system on the wireless communications device 304, then different abbreviated dialing codes may also be selectively communicated to represent the selected emergency data message that is being sent. For example, the abbreviated dialing codes may include “000000SOS1,” “000000SOS2,” “000000SOS3,” and so on to indicate different types of emergencies and certain content in the emergency data messages. The different types of emergencies may include medical condition, automobile accident, fire, assault, or any other type of emergency data message that may be helpful to an operator at a PSAP for dispatching emergency personnel.

For SMS messages, when the mobile switching center 310 receives the emergency data message 306, the mobile switching center 310 routes the emergency data message 306 to an originator data message service controller (DMSC(O)) 316. The DMSC(O) 316 utilizes a process executed by a processing unit 312 a that determines whether the emergency data message 308 a is, in fact, an emergency data message being communicated to a PSAP or a standard data message, such as a text message being communicated between peers. In addition, the MSC 310, DMSC(O) 316, or other network node may perform additional functions, such as initiate continuous geographic coordinate or geo-coordinate updates to the PSAP, if the emergency data message 306 is determined to be inclusive of certain content, such as hostage situation, by inspecting the abbreviated dialing code or other data.

The DMSC(O) 316 may also include a memory 312 b, which may include random access memory, disk drive memory, or other memory as understood in the art, that stores data and software and input/output unit 312 c that communicates data over a network and with other local devices. In one embodiment, the memory 312 b may store abbreviated dialing codes so as to be used by the processing unit 312 a in determining whether the emergency data message 308 a is, in fact, a priority message. In doing so, the processing unit 312 a processes or parses the emergency data message package 306 to determine whether an abbreviated dialing code 308 b is included or otherwise communicated with the emergency data message 308 a. If it is determined that the emergency data message is a priority message, then the processing unit 312 a may communicate the abbreviated dialing code 308 b to an emergency data message short code database (EDMSC DB) 314, which may be local or remote from the DMSC(O) 316.

The emergency data message short code database 314 may include a listing (see TABLE I) of abbreviated dialing codes and short codes associated therewith so as to return an emergency data message short code 308 d to the DMSC(O) 316 that is indicative of the type of emergency data message 308 a. The emergency data message short code 308 d may be alphanumeric data and utilized by other nodes in the network environment 300 for prioritizing processing of the emergency data message package 306′, which includes the emergency data message 308 a (e.g., text), mobile directory number 308 c, emergency data message short code 308 d, and cell code 308 e. The cell code or cell code identifier 308 e is a data value associated with a cell of a mobile communications system and is typically determined by the mobile switching center 310 by determining to which cell tower the wireless communications device 304 is communicating.

The DMSC(O) 316 processes the emergency data message 306′ for routing to emergency data message router 318. This processing may include message decoding of the abbreviated dialing code 308 b and initiating additional action, such as notifying alternative wireless carriers to provide continuous geo-coordinate updates to the PSAP, if possible. In addition, the DMSC(O) 316 may perform message format translation from one format to another format. In another embodiment, for SMS messages, the function described above could be performed at the MSC 310 or SMSC (not shown), which would avoid modification to the MSC 310 or inclusion of the DMSC(O) 316.

TABLE I ADC EDM Short Code TYPE SOS0 EMERGENCY0 Default SOS1 EMERGENCY1 Medical SOS2 EMERGENCY2 Automobile Accident SOS3 EMERGENCY3 Fire SOS4 EMERGENCY4 Assault

In the case of Instant Messaging, when the mobile device initiates an emergency IM, the IM is rerouted to the DMSC(O) 316 instead of the user's normal IM service provider's servers. The DMSC(O) 316 perform functions previously defined to determine the proper PSAP. For email, the addressee domain name is the emergency indicator. In one embodiment, the user's email provider routes the message to the appropriate DMSC(O) based on that addressee's Internet Protocol Domain Name Service (DNS) resolution. This DMSC(O) 316 may be a clearinghouse type of DMSC(O). In another embodiment, software on the device intercepts the email and reroutes it to the carrier's DMSC(O) for processing. If the DMSC(O) 316 determines it is not an emergency, it forwards to the appropriate email provider's system.

The emergency data message router 318 may execute a process on processing unit 319 a that processes the emergency data message package 306′ to communicate the cell code 308 e to a PSAP capabilities defining system (PCDS) 320. In an alternative embodiment, the emergency data message router 318 and PCDS 320 are configured on a single computing system. The processing unit 319 a may include one or more processors. Other computing and communications components, such as a memory 319 b for storing data and software, input/output (I/O) unit 319 c for communicating data over a network, may be included in the emergency data message router 318, as understood in the art. The PCDS 320 may execute a process on a processing unit 322 a for determining PSAPs local to the user 302 and communications capabilities of PSAPs that are determined to be local to the user 302. The PCDS 320 may also include a memory 322 b for storing memory and software and input/output unit 322 c for communicating data over a network and/or with the EDM router 318. Determination may be made on information provided as part of the message including geo-coordinates of the sending device and geo-coordinates of the PSAPs using an algorithm to determine the nearest emergency service provider as per the emergency type.

In determining local PSAPs, the PCDS 320 may receive the mobile directory number 308 c and cell code 308 e and use a three-digit exchange code portion of the MDN 308 c and/or cell code 308 e to determine whether there is a PSAP local to the exchange code of the wireless communications device 304 by matching the three-digit exchange code of the MDN 308 c and exchange code associated with the PSAPs. However, because the wireless communications device 304 is mobile and may be utilized outside the exchange area in which the wireless communications device 304 is initially registered, a PCDS 320 may or may not use the MDN 308 c in determining a local PSAP to the user 302. For example, if the exchange code digits of the MDN 308 c are foreign to an area in which the wireless communications device 304 is operating, then the PCDS 320 may be limited to using the cell code 308 e to determine PSAPs that are local to the user 302. A combination of both the cell code 308 e and exchange code may be used to determine local PSAPs. Alternatively, a determination may be made on information provided as part of the message including geo-coordinates of the sending device and geo-coordinates of the PSAPs using a mathematical vector algorithm or equivalent database query to determine the nearest emergency service provider as per the emergency type.

An emergency data message router database 324 may be in communication with the PCDS 320 to enable the PCDS 320 to look up PSAPs that are (i) local to the user 302 and (ii) have particular communications capabilities. The emergency data message router database 324 may be local to or remotely located from the PCDS 320. The communications capabilities may include the ability to receive text messages, instant messages, e-mails, photo messages, or video messages, as understood in the art. In determining the communications capabilities, the PCDS 320 and/or EDMR DB 324 may determine an address associated with a local PSAP, and the communications capabilities may be identified by the type of address (e.g., telephone number or IP address) or position of the address within the EDMR DB 324.

With each of these communications capabilities, the PSAPs have access to communications network(s) that are capable of communicating compatible emergency data messages of those types. It should be understood that the PCDS 320 and process being executed by the processing unit 322 a may identify the type of emergency data message 308 a that is being communicated and determine which PSAP local to the user 302 is capable of receiving that type of emergency data message. For example, if the emergency data message 308 a is a text message, then a PSAP that is both local to the user and has capabilities of receiving emergency text messages may be determined to be most compatible with the emergency data message that is being communicated to request emergency assistance.

Although a PSAP that is closest to the user 302 may be considered ideal from an emergency personnel deployment perspective, because emergency data messages are being communicated by the user 302, and many PSAPs are not equipped to handle certain types of communications, the PCDS 320 may determine whether any PSAPs local to the user 302 are compatible with the emergency data message 306′ that is being communicated before selecting the PSAP to route the emergency data message 308 a. In other words, an emergency data message sent in its original form may be best to provide to a PSAP in that same form to avoid loss of data, corruption of the data, or misinterpretation by a PSAP operator. Any translations that may be performed to convert from one format to another are lossless; meaning no loss of any information.

To determine whether a PSAP has compatible communications, the emergency data message router 318 may determine, by examining a packet header or other data field(s), generate, and communicate an emergency data message type (EDMT) 309, which may be an alphanumeric value and is indicative of the type of emergency data being communicated (e.g., text, image, instant message, email). The PCDS 320 may use and/or communicate the EDMT 309 to the emergency data message router database 324 to identify any PSAPs local to the user that have communications capabilities that are compatible with the emergency data message type. If, for example, it is determined by the PCDS 320 that there are no PSAPs local to the user 302 that are compatible with receiving text messages based on the EDMT 309, then the PCDS 320 may determine that an emergency text message may be communicated to a local PSAP by sending the PSAP to a text-to-speech translator for converting the text-to-speech for audible communication to the local PSAP. The emergency data message router database 324, in response to locating a local PSAP with the most compatible communications capabilities, may return a PSAP telephone number 308 f or PSAP IP address 308 g, depending on the communications network that is available to communicate the type of emergency data message received from the wireless communications device 304. The PSAP telephone number 308 f may be used for a text message or image message to be communicated to the PSAP and the PSAP IP address 308 g may be used for communicating an email to the PSAP, for example. Other types of message translations may be employed as available.

Depending on whether the selected PSAP is to be communicated via an SS7 clearinghouse (CH) 326 a and SS7 network 326 b, IP network 327, wireless communications network 330 (e.g., mobile network), or any other communications system or network, the emergency data message router 318 may communicate the emergency data message 308 a to the telephone number or address of the selected PSAP. If the emergency data message 306″ is to be communicated over the SS7-CH 326 a and network 326 b, then the PSAP telephone number 308 f is communicated with the emergency data message short code 308 d and emergency data message 308 a to the PSAP 305 n that is determined to be local to the user 302 and capable of receiving the emergency data message 308 a having the appropriate communications network connection and software interface for displaying the emergency data message 308 a.

The emergency data message package 306″ is communicated via a terminating data message service controller (DMSC(T)) 328 for routing to the appropriate PSAP via the PSTN 329 a or wireless communications network 330. If the emergency data message 308 a is a text message or image, then the DMSC(T) 328 may route the EDMP 306″ via the wireless communications network 330, including a mobile switching center 332 and base station 334, to one of the PSAPs 336 a-336 n (collectively 336). The PSAPs 336 may be limited to wireless or mobile communications or have multiple communications capabilities. It should be understood that although the PSAPs 305 a-305 n, 305 m-305 z, and 336 a-336 n are shown to be in communication with different communications networks, that each may be in communication with one or more of the communications network and have separate devices that communicate with respective communications networks or have a device that is capable of receiving and/or consolidating emergency messages from different communications networks.

If, alternatively, the emergency data message 308 a is an email rather than a text or photo message, then the PCDS 320 determines a PSAP local to the user 302 that is configured to receive emails and routes the emergency data message package 306′″ via the IP network 327 to a PSAP 305 m that is local to the user 302 and configured to receive and display emails. In determining the appropriate PSAP, the PCDS 320 accesses the emergency data message router database 324 to look-up a local PSAP with email communications capabilities and receives the PSAP IP address 308 g from the emergency data message router database 324 for communicating the emergency data message package 306′″ to the PSAP IP address 308 g at the PSAP, in this case PSAP 308 m.

A communication link between the IP network 327 and PSTN 329 b may be formed by including a session border controller 338, gateway 340, and class 4/5 telephony switch 342, or parts thereof, as understood in the art, so that emergency data messages may be routed via the IP network 327 for distribution to a PSAP that is limited to communicating via the PSTN 329 b, as may be found in rural areas of the country. Because different portions of the PSTN 329 b may be configured to handle IP messaging from the IP network 327, the PSTN 329 b is shown separately from the PSTN 329 a. Because the emergency data message 308 a includes text, if the emergency data message 308 a is communicated over the PSTN 329 a or the IP network 327 and PSTN 329 b, the text is converted by a text-to-speech system 344 a or 344 b, respectively, to generate an audible emergency message 346 a or 346 b, respectively. The decision and ability to route the emergency data message 308 a via the SS7 network 326 b or IP network 327 may be dependent upon the configuration of the EDM router 318. However, because the emergency data message 308 a is to be expedited to a PSAP, other factors, such as network congestion, selected PSAP communications capabilities, or other factors, may be used by the EDM router 318 to select which network path to communicate the emergency data message 308 a. In addition, the EDM router 318 may raise the priority level on the IP packet if quality of service capabilities are available in the network.

More specifically, the emergency data message router database 324 may include a database or table that stores and manages, and/or also performs algorithm calculations to arrive at, PSAP cell codes, capabilities, and network addresses so that the PCDS 320 may select an appropriate PSAP to communicate the emergency data message based on a number of factors. The factors may include distance from the user, type of emergency data message, network connection, which may be indicated by whether a network address is available, geographic coordinates, and so forth. An illustrative listing of a table that may be managed and operated by the emergency data message router database 324 is shown in TABLE II below.

TABLE II Network Addresses PSAP Cell Exchange Voice Text/Image Email PSAP Code Codes Capabilities (PSTN) (Mobile Network) (IP Address) Easton 3719 405 Voice 972-405-1234 — — Weston 3720 826, 259 Voice, Text 972-826-1234 972-259-9876 — Central 1 3721, 3729 408 Voice 214-408-9876 — — Central 2 3721, 3730 528, 526 Voice, Text 214-528-1234 214-526-5555 — Central 3 3721, 3729 528, 259 Voice, Text, 214-528-5678 214-259-5555 127.37.17.38 Image, Email South 1 3722, 3741 699 Voice 817-699-1234 — — South 2 3722, 3733 347, 283 Voice, Text 817-347-1234 817-283-5555 — North 3723 277, 623 Voice, Text, 972-277-1234 972-623-5555 128.94.1.23 Image, Email

The EDM router 318, PCDS 320, EDMR DB 324 or combination thereof may route or reformat, re-address, and/or route the emergency data message 308 a. If a determination is made that a PSAP does not have a compatible communications capability as an emergency data message, then the emergency content of the emergency data message may be reformatted, re-addressed, and re-routed. If the emergency data message type matches the communications capabilities of a selected local PSAP, then the emergency data message 308 a may be routed accordingly.

As an example, if the emergency data message type of the emergency data message 308 a is a text message being communicated using SMS and the communications capabilities of a local PSAP includes text messaging, then the emergency data message package 306″ is routed to the SS7-CH 326 a for delivery to a wireless device at one of the PSAPs 305 a-305 n. If the communications capabilities of a local PSAP includes instant messaging without text messaging, then the emergency data message 308 a is reformatted and re-addressed to comply with instant message protocols and sent to an instant message client at the PSAP via either the SS7-CH 326 a and network 326 b or IP network 327, depending on a network address (e.g., telephone number or IP address) of the PSAP. If the communications capabilities of a local PSAP includes email, then the emergency data message 308 a may be reformatted and re-addressed to comply with email protocols and sent to a PSAP email client with a priority indication, either the emergency data message short code 308 d or otherwise. If the communications capabilities of a local PSAP is limited to voice only, then the emergency data message 308 a is communicated to the text-to-speech system 344, as understood in the art, via the DMSC(T) 328 for synthesizing speech of content of the emergency data message 308 a and communication to the local PSAP. Alternatively, if the message format is not reformattable, nor is easily translated to speech, then the message may be routed to an alternative PSAP.

With regard to FIG. 4, an illustrative process 400 of a system identifying an emergency data message is provided. The process 400 starts at step 402. At step 404, a data message is received. The data message may be a text message, instant message, email, or any other data message that may be communicated from a wireless communications device. At step 406, a determination may be made as to whether an emergency abbreviated dialing code is communicated with the data message. If so, then at step 408, a short code associated with the emergency abbreviated dialing code may be requested. In addition, a determination of a cell code in which the wireless communications device that communicated the emergency data message may be determined. The emergency data message, short code, and cell code may be communicated to a PSAP at step 412. In communicating to the PSAP, the information, including the emergency data message, short code, and cell code, is communicated via a communications network to a network address for determining a PSAP local to a user who sent the emergency data message. If, at step 406, an emergency abbreviated dialing code is not communicated with the data message, then at step 414, the data message is communicated to a recipient, as understood in the art. The process ends at step 416.

With regard to FIG. 5, an illustrative process 500 may be performed by a PSAP capabilities defining system, which may be in communication with an emergency data message router. At step 502, an emergency data message, NID, and cell code identifier of a wireless communications device of a user may be received. In addition, a mobile directory number may also be received. At step 504, a PSAP local to the user may be selected. In selecting the local PSAP, a determination of the communications capabilities at one or more PSAPs local to the user may be determined using the cell code identifier and/or mobile directory number so as to determine which PSAP is nearest the user that has communications capabilities that are most compatible with the format of the emergency data message. At step 506, the emergency data message may be sent to the selected PSAP.

With regard to FIG. 6, a more detailed process 600 for determining to which PSAP to communicate an emergency data message is provided. At step 602, a query of a PSAP database may be made to determine how many local PSAPs are available with respect to a user who communicates an emergency data message. At step 604, a determination as to communications capabilities of each of the local PSAPs may be made. The determination may include determining the types of data messages that may be received by each of the PSAPs and communications networks to which the PSAPs are in communication. At step 606, a determination may be made as to whether there are more than one local PSAP. If not, then at step 608, a network address, such as a telephone number, IP address, or otherwise, of the local PSAP may be obtained. At step 610, the emergency data message may be sent to the PSAP using the appropriate communications channel. For example, in the event that the emergency data message is a text message, then if the network address of the local PSAP is a telephone number that is operating on a mobile communications system, then the emergency data message may be communicated over the mobile communications system to the PSAP.

If at step 606, a determination is made that more than one local PSAP is available, then at step 612, a determination as to which of the PSAPs the emergency data message type is most compatible and closest to the user who sent the emergency data message. At step 614, a network address of the PSAP determined to be the most compatible to the emergency data message type and closest to the user may be obtained. Although it may be desirable to identify the closest PSAP to the user and send the emergency data message to that PSAP, if the PSAP does not have communications capabilities to receive the emergency data message, then it may be as or more beneficial to find a PSAP that is further from the user and has the communications capabilities that accommodates the type of emergency data message that was sent so that an operator at the PSAP can handle the emergency request more efficiently. For example, if a PSAP is close to a user, but does not have text messaging capabilities and another PSAP which may be a few miles farther than the user but does have text messaging capabilities, then the emergency data message may be better communicated to the PSAP farther away even though the text message may be communicated to a text-to-speech system that may convert the information in the emergency text message for audible play to an operator at the closer PSAP. If no local PSAPs have text messaging capabilities, an emergency text message may be communicated to a text-to-speech converter so that the synthesized speech can be routed to a PSAP closest to the user. The process 600 continues at step 610, where the emergency data message is communicated to the selected PSAP.

Returning to FIG. 3, in cases where a wireless communications device generating an emergency message is not capable of stand-alone GPS acquisition or when a capable device is in a location where no or few satellites are viewable, network assisted geographic location can aid in acquiring location of the wireless communications device.

In normal 911 voice calls, the MSC 310, after determining that the call is an emergency call, issues a request to a mobile positioning center (MPC) 348, which may be in direct communication with the MSC 310 via the communications network, for location determination assistance. The MPC 348 queries an appropriate position determining entity (PDE) (not shown), which is located at the MPC 348 or elsewhere on the communications network. The PDE requests raw location information from the wireless communications device 304 through the MSC 310 or base station controller (BSC) (not shown) located at cell tower 315. The wireless communications device 304 returns any of its raw location data to the PDE. The raw location data may be generated by global positioning system (GPS) electronics within the wireless communications device 304. In addition, the PDE can use non-GPS means to determine or help determine location. Non-GPS means may include cell/sector triangulation, signal strength information from multiple BSCs, or any other conventional means of determining geographic coordinates. The PDE returns the resulting geographic coordinate information to the MPC 348, which uses the geographic coordinate information to access a call routing database (CRDB) (not shown) for routing instructions to the appropriate PSAP. The geographic coordinates and/or routing instructions are returned to the MSC 310 for completion. In addition, call associated messages provide location information to the PSAP to be able to correlate the actual call with the location information. The above description of E-911 telephone call processing is a high level example and much more detailed information is available in the ANSI standards document J-STD-036.

Since emergency data messaging is generally not processed by the MSC 310, another method to acquire network assisted geographic coordinates may be utilized during emergency situations. In one embodiment, the wireless communications device 304 requests network assisted location information. When the subscriber generates or uses a default or preestablished emergency data message, a software application on the wireless communications device 304 initiates a request for geographic coordinates using an IP network interface and the associated communications carrier's IP network. The same or similar process may be performed when the user sends a freeform data message to a PSAP by the wireless communications device 304 identifying the address to which the freeform data message is being sent. The request is routed to the MPC 348, which is configured to handle IP based location requests. In one embodiment, an IP to SS7 gateway may be utilized to enable the request. From that point, the process should be the same or similarly performed as is done with a 911 voice call with one exception, which is that the wireless communications device 304 is configured to receive and handle processing of the request when sending an emergency data message associated with the request (i.e., not during a voice call).

When the MPC 348 is through processing the location information and is ready to locate, it will return the results to the wireless communications device 304 for inclusion in the emergency data message 308 a. In this configuration, it is possible to enhance the call routing database that the MPC 348 accesses for obtaining PSAP voice routing information to include routing for data messages as well as PSAP capabilities checking. In another embodiment, the MPC 348 simply returns location information and the EDM Router and its associated database will determine routing of data messages.

In yet another embodiment, since not all devices may have IP network access, or the preference is to place the intelligence in the communications network, the DMSC(O) 316, after determining that an emergency data message 308 a is received, can initiate the query to the MPC 348 for network assisted location. In this embodiment, the emergency data message 308 a is constructed and sent to the DMSC(O) 316. The DMSC(O) 316 sends the query with the associated information to the MPC 310. The response for the MPC 348 is placed in the appropriate fields and returns results to DMSC(O) 316. In another embodiment, the MPC 348 could additionally determine routing for the emergency data message 308 a by communicating with a database or allow the DMSC(O) 316 to handle routing to the EDM router 318, which queries the EDMR database 324 for determining PSAP capabilities and routing information, as previously described.

With regard to FIG. 7, an illustrative process 700 for a wireless communications device to request network assisted geographic location assistance. It is well understood that wireless communications devices include a processing unit that executes software for processing data, such as data messages, and a transceiver for communicating data with a communications network. It is also well understood that GPS electronics may be included in wireless communications devices, such as mobile telephone, to determine geographic coordinates from GPS satellite signals. The process starts at step 702, where a network assisted location request process is initiated. In initiating the process, a user may activate one or more buttons, either hard-buttons or soft-buttons, to initiate generating an emergency data message. Alternatively, a user may generate a data message and automatically address the data message to a network address representative of an emergency request (e.g., Internet domain address “911.911”). At step 704, a determination may be made as to whether the wireless communications device is GPS enabled. If not, then at step 706, the wireless communications device may request cell/sector information from a wireless communications network to which the wireless communications device is connected. The cell/sector information may be returned to the wireless communications device and added to the emergency data message at step 708.

If, at step 704, it is determined that the wireless communications device is GPS enabled, then at step 710, a determination may be made as to whether the wireless communications device is capable of determining geographic coordinates using GPS electronics. If the wireless communications device is outside and capable of receiving GPS satellite signals, then it is likely that current GPS coordinates are available. However, if the GPS coordinates are not currently available due to being indoors or not receiving GPS satellite signals, then the wireless communications device may request network assisted location information at step 712 from the communications network. If it is determined at step 714 that the communications network is successful, then the geographic coordinates are returned to the wireless communications device and added to the emergency data message at step 708. Otherwise, the communications network may request cell/sector information to be determined at step 706 and communicated to the wireless communications device for inclusion in the emergency data message at step 708.

If the determination at step 710 is that GPS coordinates are locally available, then at step 716 a request for locally generated geographic coordinates may be made. If the geographic coordinates were locally available, then at step 718, a determination may be made that the geographic coordinates were successfully identified and the process 700 adds the geographic coordinates to the emergency data message at step 708. Alternatively, the process continues at step 712 to request network assistance to determine geographic coordinates.

Because there are situations that may exist at both the wireless communications device and communications network that the geographic coordinates cannot be determined or not determined within a time frame that is satisfactory for a user who is in need of emergency assistance, the principles of the present invention provides for the wireless communications device to have a predetermined time limit so as to finalize generation and communication of the emergency data message without the geographic coordinates. In one embodiment, the predetermined time limit may be 0.5 seconds. As understood, during an emergency situation, a user may be panicky, so the more responsive the emergency messaging process, the better off the user will be. The wireless communications device may further be configured to generate and communicate a second emergency data message if the geographic coordinates are determined either locally or from the communications network after the wireless communications device communicates a first emergency data message.

With regard to FIG. 8, an illustrative process 800 for the communications network to actively generate geographic coordinates of a wireless communications device that has sent an emergency data message is provided. It is well understood that network nodes, such as communications servers, include a processing unit that executes software for processing data, such as data messages. It is also well understood that network nodes include memory for storing data and input/output units for communicating data over a communications network. At step 802, a data message is received at a network node. In one embodiment, the network node is an emergency data message controller. The data message may be a text message, email message, photo message, streaming video, etc. At step 804, a determination as to whether the data message is an emergency data message. The determination may be made using a variety of different methods, including determining an address to which the data message is addressed, inspecting an abbreviated dialing code, inspecting a short code, or otherwise.

If it is determined at step 804 that the data message is not an emergency data message, then the process 800 continues with normal processing of the data message at step 806. If, however, it is determined at step 804 that the data message is an emergency data message, then at step 808, a determination is made as to whether geographic coordinates, such as GPS coordinates, are available. Such a determination may be made by inspecting data fields within the emergency data message if the emergency data message is a preestablished emergency data message. Alternatively, if the geographic coordinates are sent separately from the emergency data message (e.g., in separate data packets from a data packet that includes text), then the determination can be made by inspecting the separate data packets. If the geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device that communicated the emergency data message are included, then the emergency data message may be sent to an emergency data message router at step 810 for routing the emergency data message to a PSAP local to the user and configured to handle such emergency data messages.

If at step 808 it is determined that geographic coordinates are not available, then at step 812, a mobile positioning center may be queried for the geographic location of the wireless communications device. At step 814, the geographic coordinates may be included with the emergency data message. In one embodiment, the geographic coordinates may be sent in an emergency data message package, but not inserted in the emergency data message itself. Alternatively, the geographic coordinates may be communicated to the wireless communications device for inclusion in a second emergency data message. The emergency data message with the included geographic coordinates may be sent to the emergency data message router at step 810.

Although the principles of the present have primarily been described with regard to wireless communications devices, it should be understood that wired communications devices, including wired/wireless computers, may be adapted to include emergency messaging, as described herein. One or more buttons or other initiation devices may be provided on the wired communications devices to generate and communicate an emergency data message to a network location for routing to a PSAP local to the user. In adapting the wired communications devices, software may be included in the devices to generate and communicate an emergency data message (e.g., text message or email) using a communications protocol that is capable of being communicated over the communications network (e.g., public switched telephone network, cable network, Internet), as understood in the art. Information specific to the user, location of the user, or otherwise may be included in the emergency data message. For example, name, address, number of people in residence, photograph, medical conditions, or any other information may be preestablished for retrieval and inclusion in the emergency data message, thereby providing information to an operator at a PSAP to provide emergency personnel, such as police, firemen, or medical personnel.

The previous detailed description is of a small number of embodiments for implementing the invention and is not intended to be limiting in scope. One of skill in this art will immediately envisage the methods and variations used to implement this invention in other areas than those described in detail. The following claims set forth a number of the embodiments of the invention disclosed with greater particularity. 

We claim:
 1. A method for communicating geographic coordinates with an emergency data message to a public safety answering point (PSAP), said method comprising: receiving a request from a user to send an emergency data message to a PSAP; determining whether the emergency data message is actually an emergency message by inspecting at least one data field indicative of the data message being an emergency message, wherein the at least one data field includes an abbreviated dialing code for indicating different types of emergencies; in response to determining that the emergency data message is an emergency message, determining whether geographic coordinates are locally available; if so, obtaining the locally available geographic coordinates; and including the geographic coordinates in an emergency data message; otherwise, requesting geographic coordinates from a network node on a communications network; receiving the geographic coordinates from the communications network; and including the geographic coordinates in an emergency data message; based on the inspection of the abbreviated dialing code, initiating continuous geographic coordinate updates to the PSAP if the abbreviated dialing code indicates a particular type of emergency; and communicating the emergency data message to a network node on the communications network for routing to the PSAP.
 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising addressing the emergency data message to a centralized network address associated with the network node that is configured to identify a PSAP local to the user.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining whether geographic coordinates are locally available includes determining whether GPS coordinates are locally available.
 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising determining whether GPS electronics are locally available and, if not, requesting cell/sector information from the communications network.
 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising communicating the emergency data message without the geographic coordinates if not available within a predetermined time limit.
 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising if the emergency data message is communicated without geographic coordinates, then in response to receiving geographic coordinates either locally or from the communications network: generating a second emergency data message with the geographic coordinates; and communicating the second emergency data message to the communications network.
 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein receiving a request from a user includes receiving a request by a user activating a single button.
 8. A wireless communications device for communicating geographic coordinates with an emergency data message to a public safety answering point (PSAP), said wireless communications device comprising: a memory; a transceiver configured to communicate with a wireless communications network; a processing unit in communication with said memory and transceiver, and configured to: receive a request from a user to send an emergency data message to a PSAP; determining whether the emergency data message is actually an emergency message by inspecting at least one data field indicative of the data message being an emergency message, wherein the at least one data field includes an abbreviated dialing code for indicating different types of emergencies; in response to determining that the emergency data message is an emergency message, determine whether geographic coordinates are locally available; if so, obtain the locally available geographic coordinates; and include the geographic coordinates in an emergency data message; otherwise, request geographic coordinates from a network node on a communications network; receive the geographic coordinates from the communications network; and include the geographic coordinates in an emergency data network; based on the inspection of the abbreviated dialing code, initiate continuous geographic coordinate updates to the PSAP if the abbreviated dialing code indicates a particular type of emergency; and communicate the emergency data message to a network node on the communications network for routing to the PSAP.
 9. The wireless communications device according to claim 8, wherein said processing unit is further configured to address the emergency data message to a centralized network address that is configured to identify a PSAP local to the user.
 10. The wireless communications device according to claim 8, further comprising GPS electronics configured to generate GPS coordinates.
 11. The wireless communications device according to claim 8, wherein said processing unit is further configured to determine whether GPS electronics are locally available and, if not, requesting cell/sector information from the communications network.
 12. The wireless communications device according to claim 8, wherein said processing unit is further configured to communicate the emergency data message without the geographic coordinates if not available within a predetermined time limit.
 13. The wireless communications device according to claim 12, wherein if the emergency data message is communicated without geographic coordinates, then in response to receiving geographic coordinates either locally or from the communications network, said processing unit is further configure to: generate a second emergency data message with the geographic coordinates; and communicate the second emergency data message to the communications network.
 14. The wireless communications device according to claim 8, further comprising a button in communication with said processing unit, and, in response to being activated by the user, causes a request signal to be communicated to said processing unit.
 15. A system for providing network assisted geographic coordinates, said system comprising: an input/output (I/O) unit configured to communicate with a communication network; and a processing unit in communication with said I/O unit, and configured to: determine that a data message received from a wireless communications device via said I/O unit is an emergency data message by inspecting at least one data field indicative of the data message being an emergency message, wherein the at least one data field includes an abbreviated dialing code for indicating different types of emergencies; in response to determining that the data message is an emergency message, request, via said I/O unit, geographic coordinates of the wireless communications device from a second network node operating on the communications network; receive the geographic coordinates from the second network node; include the geographic coordinates with the emergency data message; based on the inspection of the abbreviated dialing code, initiate continuous geographic coordinate updates to the PSAP if the abbreviated dialing code indicates a particular type of emergency; and communicate the geographic coordinates with the emergency data message to a third network node.
 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the second network node includes a mobile positioning center, and wherein the third network node includes a PSAP.
 17. The system according to claim 15, wherein said processing unit is further configured to communicate the geographic coordinates to a third network node with the emergency data message.
 18. The system according to claim 15, wherein said processing unit is further configured to: request a short code indicative of the data message being an emergency data message; and communicate the short code with the emergency data message via the I/O unit over the communications network to the third network node. 